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Jamaat-e-Islami (Urdu:, JI) is a social conservative, and Islamist political party. Its objective is to make Pakistan an Islamic state, governed by Sharia law, through gradual, legal, political process.〔Haqqani, ''Pakistan'', 2005: p.122〕 The JI strongly objects to and opposes concepts such as capitalism, liberalism, socialism and secularism, as well as economic practices such as offering bank interest. The JI is a vanguard party: its members form an ''elite'', with "affiliates" and then "sympathizers" beneath them. The party leader is called an ''ameer''.〔 Although it does not have a large popular following, the party is quite influential and considered one of the major movements of Islam in Pakistan, along with Deobandi and Barelvi. The JI came to its modern foundation in Lahore in 1941 in British India by the Muslim theologian and socio-political philosopher, Abul Ala Maududi.〔van der Veer P. and Munshi S. (eds.) ("Media, War, and Terrorism: Responses from the Middle East and Asia." ) Psychology Press, 2004 p138. ISBN 0415331404, 9780415331401.〕 In 1947, JI moved its operations to West-Pakistan after Independence.〔(Members who remained in India, formed an independent organisation called Jamaat-e-Islami Hind). The party came under severe government repression in 1948, 1953, and 1963,〔Nasr, ''Mawdudi and the Making of Islamic Revivalism'', 1996: p.97〕 but during the early years of the regime of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq served as the "regime's ideological and political arm",〔Kepel, ''Jihad'', (2002), pp.98, 100, 101〕 with party members holding cabinet portfolios of information and broadcasting, production, and water, power and natural resources.〔Haqqani, ''Pakistan'', 2005: p.138〕 In 1971, during the Bangladesh Liberation War, JI opposed the independence of Bangladesh. However, in 1975, it established a new branch, Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami in the new nation. Abbas Ali Khan (Joypurhat) was the founder & first Ameer of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami . Other offshoots of Jamaat-e-Islami, (which split into separate independent organizations following the Partition of India in 1947) include ''Jamaat-e-Islami Hind'' in India, and Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir in Jammu & Kashmir. The JI maintains close ties with these and other international Muslim groups.〔Haqqani, ''Pakistan'', 2005: p.171〕 ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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